HYDRAULIC BOMBS

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Hydraulic pumps are devices that circulate a fluid, usually oil, at high pressure through the pipes of a hydraulic system, in order to move hydraulic actuators. These actuators are, in most cases, cylinders or hydraulic motors.

Hydraulic pump function

Hydraulic pumps play a vital role, as they provide the energy necessary for the operation of hydraulic circuits. The hydraulic pump is one of the most important components of a hydraulic system, because its function results in precision and efficiency. It converts mechanical energy into energy in the form of oil flow.

Operation of a hydraulic pump

A pump produces the flow required to create pressure, which is a function of fluid flow resistance in the hydraulic system. It creates a vacuum at the pump inlet that allows atmospheric pressure to force liquid from the reservoir into the pump inlet line. If connected to a system, the fluid pressure at the pump outlet will rise to the level and direction necessary to overcome the resistance of the load, increasing the pressure.

Types of hydraulic pumps

Gear pumps have very few moving parts. They consist of two gear wheels geared together. They have a constant flow rate and generally operate at pressures between 50 and 250 bar. Gear pumps are the pumps with the highest working speed, being able to reach up to 3000-6000 revolutions per minute (rpm or/min). They can be internal gear or external gear.

Hydraulic piston pumps provide large flow rates at high pressures. Its operation is based on an alternating movement of the pistons. These pistons offer excellent sealing, allowing them to operate at high pressures without significant fluid leaks. There are 2 types of piston assembly, axial and radial.

Vane pumps consist of a rotor with radial slots into which the rectangular-shaped vanes are inserted. As a result, the vanes can move radially.

Screw pumps are a type of fixed displacement rotary pump. The fluid is propelled axially, thanks to the rotation of a worm screw, which guarantees a constant flow rate.

Manual piston pumps . Operated with a lever, they can be single or double acting. They can be portable, due to their dimensions.

Characteristics to take into account in hydraulic pumps

Hydraulic pumps should be chosen taking into account the following characteristics:

• The pressure (Δp), expressed in bar.
• The flow rate (Qv), indicated in l/min. It corresponds to the volume of fluid supplied by the pump in a given time.
• The displacement, expressed in cm3. It refers to the volume of fluid pumped in each rotation.
• The rotation speed (N), indicated as rpm or in r/min.
• The power (Ph), expressed in kW.
• Efficiency, or performance: refers to the useful energy of the pump after losses due to friction.

Hydraulic pumps are widespread in all types of industries. Automotive, public works, agricultural, naval, steel, petrochemical, etc.